{"id":6657,"date":"2023-01-06T13:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-06T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/?p=6657"},"modified":"2023-01-06T16:46:23","modified_gmt":"2023-01-06T13:46:23","slug":"valehedici-kokand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/?p=6657","title":{"rendered":"\u201cValehedici Kokand\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kokand \u00d6zb\u0259kistan\u0131n q\u0259dim \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir \u00e7ox \u015fair v\u0259 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar onu v\u0259sf etmi\u015fl\u0259r. \u018fb\u0259s deyil ki, onu Hukandi\u00adL\u0259tif adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar, y\u0259ni \u201cValehedici Kokand\u201d. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r B\u00f6y\u00fck ip\u0259k yolunun k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259, F\u0259rqan\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259sinin c\u0259nub  q\u0259rbind\u0259, inzibati m\u0259rk\u0259z olan F\u0259rqan\u0259  \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin (Rusiya imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n ke\u00e7mi\u015f zabitl\u0259r q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259si)100 kilometrliyind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fir. Sox \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fag\u0131s\u0131nda, \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259 d\u0259niz s\u0259mtind\u0259n 405 m. y\u00fcks\u0259kliyind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n , 41kv.km. \u0259razisi v\u0259 260 000 n\u0259f\u0259r \u0259halisi olan Kokand  \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri \u00c7in\u0259 v\u0259 Rusiyay , daha sonar Avropaya, Qafqaza, Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rq\u0259, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259, \u0130rana v\u0259. s. ged\u0259n yolun qov\u015fag\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ticar\u0259t yolunun s\u0259rf\u0259li m\u00f6vqeyind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdiyind\u0259n, Kokand  \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 inki\u015faf edirdi, regionun iqtisadiyyitinin v\u0259 siyas\u0259tinin samball\u0131 hiss\u0259sini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etmi\u015f v\u0259 etm\u0259kd\u0259dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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F\u0259rqan\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259sini \u0259traf al\u0259ml\u0259  birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n iki d\u0259miryolu \u0259laq\u0259si var: biri m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259li dag \u0259t\u0259yil\u0259 Da\u015fk\u0259nd\u0259, ikincisi is\u0259 (\u015fimal q\u0259rb) Huc\u0259nd (Soqdi vilay\u0259ti, Tacikistan res.) istiqam\u0259tind\u0259.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015e\u0259h\u0259rin sal\u0131nmas\u0131 haqq\u0259nda d\u0259qiq m\u0259lumat yoxdur. Lakin eram\u0131z\u0131n 10-cu \u0259sr salnam\u0259l\u0259tind\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kilir, m\u00fcmbit torpaqlar\u0131, yax\u015f\u0131 karvan  saraylar\u0131 v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259karl\u0131q emalatxanalar\u0131 haqqinda dan\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r haqq\u0131nda konkret m\u0259lumatlar 18-ci  \u0259sr il\u0259, \u201c minq\u201d \u00f6zb\u0259k n\u0259slind\u0259n olan kokand xanlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00f6kmdarl\u0131gg\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015flanq\u0131c\u0131yla bagl\u0131d\u0131r. Kokand xanl\u0131g\u0131n\u0131n banisi Baburun hipotetik s\u0259l\u0259fi \u015eahruh biy olmu\u015fdur. S\u00fclal\u0259 179 il h\u00f6kmdarl\u0131q ed\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 1876-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Xudayarxanla bit\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kokand xanlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00f6kmdarl\u0131g\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 elm v\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t inki\u015faf edirdi, saraylar, m\u0131dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 m\u0259s\u00e7idl\u0259r tikilirdi. Xudayar xan\u0131n (1871-1873 ) saray\u0131 (\u201c Urda\u201d) 187-ci ild\u0259 memar  Mir Ubaydollo t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n in\u015fa edilmi\u015f  v\u0259 bug\u00fcn\u0259d\u0259k yax\u015f\u0131 qalan saray kompleksidir. Sarayin tikintisin\u0259  Kokand\u0131n, Namanqan\u0131n, Kanibadar\u0131n, \u00c7ustun bir \u00e7ox ustalar\u0131 d\u0259v\u0259t olunmu\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCami\u201d m\u0259s\u00e7idi (1800 il)  –  \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin \u0259sas c\u00fcm\u0259 m\u0259s\u00e7ididir. Umarxan\u0131n h\u00f6km\u00fcdarl\u0131g\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 in\u015fa edilmilmi\u015fdir. M\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 \u201c xanaka\u201d yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n m\u0259s\u00e7id \u00fc\u00e7 t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n bagl\u0131 eyvandan ibar\u0259tdir. Eyvan \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259li taxtadan olan 98 s\u00fctun \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 dayan\u0131r. M\u0259rk\u0259zi giri\u015fin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bi\u015fmi\u015f k\u0259rpi\u00e7d\u0259n tikil\u0259n  minar\u0259t ucal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cH\u0259zr\u0259ti Miyon\u201d m\u0259s\u00e7idi 1827-1860-c\u0131 ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 g\u00f6rk\u0259mli sufi alimi v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t xadimi H\u0259zr\u0259ti Miyon Faza \u018fh\u0259d Sahibzoda t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tikilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015e\u0259h\u0259r bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259li\u015f v\u0259 t\u0259n\u0259zz\u00fcl\u0259 ugram\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu da \u00e7inlil\u0259rin, makedoniyal\u0131lar\u0131n, farslar\u0131n, monqollarin vaxta\u015f\u0131r\u0131 h\u0259rbi y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 regiondaxili d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259ril\u0259 bagl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6zb\u0259k d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin (Hiva, Buxara v\u0259 Kokand) \u00e7\u00f6km\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 Rusiya imperiyas\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n anneksiyaya g\u0259tirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq kapitalizm \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 Kokand\u0131n iqtisadiyyat\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 inki\u015faf edirdi. Bel\u0259 ki, 15 il\u0259 yax\u0131n m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin \u0259halisi \u00fc\u00e7 d\u0259f\u0259 artaraq 1913-ci ild\u0259 120 000 n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1876 \u2013 1917- ci  ill\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n d\u00f6vr  Kokandda kapitalizmin s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 inki\u015faf d\u00f6vr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Xarici kapital\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck ax\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Yerli sahibkarkar d\u0259rhal yeni iqtisadi m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0131r\u0259 al\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. S\u0259naye \u2013 maliyy\u0259 kapital\u0131 formala\u015fd\u0131,sahibkarl\u0131q, birja v\u0259 bang i\u015fi inki\u015faf edirdi. Kokandda on bir bang, bir s\u0131ra pamb\u0131q, ip\u0259k v\u0259 s. emal\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kokand \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 bir \u00e7ox alim,yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131, artist d\u0259x\u015f etmi\u015fdi. Burada ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq H.H. Niyazi v\u0259 M. Mirokilovun t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 aktyor truppas\u0131 yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. S. Sirotdinov, A. Aripov, T. Zahidov kimi kokand aliml\u0259rinin elmin inki\u015faf\u0131nda b\u00f6y\u00fck xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri olmu\u015fdur. H\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259  Kokand yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 A.Kahhar, \u015fair S.Abdulla, satirik-\u015fair J.Abdulla, sair-demokratlar Mukimi v\u0259 Furkat, inc\u0259 yumor sahibi, \u015fair Zavkiy v\u0259 s, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 v\u0259 \u015fairl\u0259rin \u015f\u0259h\u0259ridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1876-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Kokand xanl\u0131g\u0131 dagild\u0131qdan sonra F\u0259rqan\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259si T\u00fcrkestan general-qubernatorlugunun F\u0259rqan\u0259 vilay\u0259ti elan edilmi\u015fdir. F\u0259rqan\u0259 vilay\u0259tinin ilk qubernatoru Skobelev 1876-c\u0131 ild\u0259 vilayet m\u0259rk\u0259zinin tikintisin\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.Tikinti ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131qdan sonra yeni vilay\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zi yeni Marqelan adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. T\u0259dric\u0259n Kokand paytaxt \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini itirm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r, lakin iri ticar\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zi olaraq qal\u0131r.1915-ci il\u0259 d\u0259k  \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 5000 ticar\u0259t m\u0259nt\u0259qsi, on bir bang, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 birja, 20 ticar\u0259t evl\u0259ri f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r administrasiyas\u0131 Xudayar sarayinin q\u0259rbind\u0259ki k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259ri dag\u0131daraq, yerind\u0259 m\u00fcasir k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259r salm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Onlardan \u0259n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015flar\u0131 Razenbax (haz\u0131rda \u201c \u0130stiklol\u201d k\u00fc\u00e7.) v\u0259 Skobelev ( haz\u0131rda \u201c \u0130stanbul\u201d k\u00fc\u00e7.) prospektl\u0259ridir Rus memarlar\u0131 xarici varl\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin sifar\u015fil\u0259 onlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn evl\u0259r, ofis v\u0259 bang binalar\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. N.X. Vodyanovun evi  haz\u0131rda \u015f\u0259h\u0259r hakimiyy\u0259ti binas\u0131d\u0131r. Pamb\u0131q krallar\u0131ndan  biri N.X. Vodyanov o d\u00f6vr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n m\u00fcasir pamb\u0131q zavodu v\u0259 pamb\u0131q ticar\u0259t evinin sahibi idi. Bina 1907-ci ild\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur rus memar\u0131 T.M. Stari\u00e7evskinin layih\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 o d\u00fcvr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni \u00fcslubda \u2013 \u201cmodern\u201d \u00fcslubunda in\u015fa edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Madina Abullayeva (\u00d6zbekistan)
\u018fqd\u0259s Ba\u011f\u0131rzad\u0259 ( Az\u0259rbaycan)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kokand \u00d6zb\u0259kistan\u0131n q\u0259dim \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir Bir \u00e7ox \u015fair v\u0259 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar onu v\u0259sf etmi\u015fl\u0259r. \u018fb\u0259s deyil ki, onu Hukandi\u00adL\u0259tif adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar, y\u0259ni \u201cValehedici Kokand\u201d. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r B\u00f6y\u00fck ip\u0259k yolunun k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259, F\u0259rqan\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259sinin c\u0259nub  q\u0259rbind\u0259, inzibati m\u0259rk\u0259z olan F\u0259rqan\u0259 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6661,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6657"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6657"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6657\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6675,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6657\/revisions\/6675"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6661"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}