{"id":9570,"date":"2023-03-28T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-28T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/?p=9570"},"modified":"2023-03-28T12:05:43","modified_gmt":"2023-03-28T09:05:43","slug":"findiq-bitkisinin-t%c9%99hluk%c9%99li-x%c9%99st%c9%99liyi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/?p=9570","title":{"rendered":"F\u0131nd\u0131q bitkisinin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li x\u0259st\u0259liyi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

F\u0131nd\u0131q bitkisinin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li x\u0259st\u0259liyi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Respublikam\u0131zda f\u0131nd\u0131q bitkisi \u0259kin sah\u0259sin\u0259, m\u0259hsul istehsal\u0131na v\u0259 ixrac\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 q\u0259rz\u0259kli meyv\u0259 bitkil\u0259ri s\u0131ras\u0131nda birinci yeri tutur. B\u00fct\u00fcn meyv\u0259 bitkil\u0259ri kimi f\u0131nd\u0131q bitkisinin d\u0259 bir \u00e7ox x\u0259st\u0259lik v\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259rvericil\u0259ri m\u00f6vcuddur. Bunlardan biri d\u0259 F\u0131nd\u0131qda bakterioz (Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina<\/em>) x\u0259st\u0259liyidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u0131nd\u0131qda bakterioz x\u0259st\u0259liyi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259, \u0259sas\u0259n d\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k ya\u011f\u0131nt\u0131 v\u0259 r\u00fctub\u0259t m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunan \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 cavan f\u0131nd\u0131q a\u011faclar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li x\u0259st\u0259liyi kimi tan\u0131n\u0131r. Bu bakterial x\u0259st\u0259liy\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 2022-ci ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Qida T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi Agentliyi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n apar\u0131lan monitorinql\u0259r zaman\u0131 \u015e\u0259ki-Zaqatala b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 rast g\u0259linib.<\/p>\n\n\n

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S\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n bakteriya bitkinin z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015f toxumalar\u0131 v\u0259 yarpaqdak\u0131 a\u011f\u0131zc\u0131qlar vasit\u0259sil\u0259 bitkiy\u0259 daxil olur, z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015f toxumalarda v\u0259 siray\u0259tl\u0259nmi\u015f tumurcuqlarda 1 il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r canl\u0131 qala bilir. Bakteriya t\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f yarpaqlarda 4 aya q\u0259d\u0259r ya\u015faya bilir, lakin torpaqda q\u0131\u015flam\u0131r. Bu bakteriyan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn optimal temperatur 28-32\u00b0 C hesab edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u0131nd\u0131qda bakterioz x\u0259st\u0259liyind\u0259n bitkinin tumurcuqlar\u0131, yarpaqlar\u0131, budaqlar\u0131, g\u00f6vd\u0259si, b\u0259z\u0259n d\u0259 meyv\u0259l\u0259ri z\u0259r\u0259r g\u00f6r\u00fcr. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 yarpaq v\u0259 \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259k tumurcuqlar\u0131 x\u0259st\u0259liy\u0259 \u00e7ox h\u0259ssasd\u0131r. Siray\u0259tl\u0259nmi\u015f tumurcuqlar qism\u0259n z\u0259r\u0259r g\u00f6r\u0259 v\u0259 ya tamamil\u0259 m\u0259hv ola bil\u0259r. Bel\u0259 tumurcuqlardan \u00e7\u0131xan zo\u011flar da siray\u0259tl\u0259nmi\u015f halda olur. Yarpaqlar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 l\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r dair\u0259vi v\u0259 ya nizams\u0131z \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 olub,  \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc 1-2 mm-dir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin yeni \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015f l\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r \u0259vv\u0259l sar\u0131mt\u0131l-ya\u015f\u0131l r\u0259ngd\u0259 olur, sonra is\u0259 q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131mt\u0131l-q\u0259hv\u0259yi r\u0259ng\u0259 \u00e7evrilir. Siray\u0259tl\u0259nmi\u015f zo\u011flar is\u0259 xaricd\u0259n qurumu\u015f kimi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Yarpaqlar bel\u0259 budaqlar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0131vr\u0131laraq quruyur v\u0259 as\u0131l\u0131 halda qal\u0131r. Budaqlardak\u0131 yaralar\u0131 t\u0259sbit etm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tin olur, lakin diqq\u0259tl\u0259 bax\u0131ld\u0131qda qab\u0131\u011f\u0131n z\u0259if \u00e7\u00f6kd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131mt\u0131l-q\u0259hv\u0259yi r\u0259ng\u0259 \u00e7evrildiyini m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. G\u00f6vd\u0259d\u0259 yaralar\u0131n \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259si x\u0259st\u0259liyin \u0259n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li d\u00f6vr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yaralar ad\u0259t\u0259n 4 ya\u015fa q\u0259d\u0259r olan f\u0131nd\u0131q kollar\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir v\u0259 bu onlar\u0131n m\u0259hvin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Bakteriya bitkinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 hiss\u0259sin\u0259 do\u011fru yay\u0131ld\u0131qca p\u00f6hr\u0259l\u0259r yer\u0259 \u0259yil\u0259r\u0259k tamamil\u0259 quruyur v\u0259 ya 10-25 sm uzunlu\u011funda \u00e7atlar yarad\u0131r. Bel\u0259 p\u00f6hr\u0259l\u0259rin \u00fcst hiss\u0259sind\u0259 q\u0259hv\u0259yi-qara nekrozlar\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u0259k olur ki, sonradan onlar yay\u0131ld\u0131qca p\u00f6hr\u0259ni tamamil\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Meyv\u0259 q\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki l\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r dair\u0259vi v\u0259 ya m\u00fcxt\u0259lif formal\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc 1-2 mm olub, t\u00fcnd-q\u0259hv\u0259yi v\u0259 yaxud qara r\u0259ngd\u0259dir. L\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 s\u0259thi olsa da, sonradan d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fir v\u0259 s\u0259rtl\u0259\u015fir. X\u0259st\u0259liyin t\u0259sirind\u0259n meyv\u0259l\u0259rin qab\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 1 mm \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcd\u0259 l\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin meyv\u0259 qab\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0259l\u0259-k\u00f6t\u00fcr \u015f\u0259kil al\u0131r v\u0259 meyv\u0259nin r\u0259ngi bir az sar\u0131mt\u0131l olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u0259st\u0259lik \u0259sas\u0259n siray\u0259tl\u0259nmi\u015f \u0259kin materiallar\u0131 il\u0259 yay\u0131l\u0131r. T\u0259bii yay\u0131lma potensial\u0131 nisb\u0259t\u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 q\u0259bul edilir. F\u0131nd\u0131qda bakterioz x\u0259st\u0259liyi t\u0259h\u00fclk\u0259li x\u0259st\u0259lik hesab olunur v\u0259 f\u0131nd\u0131q bitkisind\u0259 rast g\u0259lin\u0259n dig\u0259r x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n daha \u00e7ox iqtisadi ziyan vura bilir. Siray\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259 1-4 illik a\u011faclarda daha \u00e7ox m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur  v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259hsul itkisi 1-10% aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u0259yi\u015fir. Bu x\u0259st\u0259lik s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n Fransada 1975-ci ild\u0259n indiy\u0259d\u0259k 250 mind\u0259n \u00e7ox cavan bitki m\u0259hv edilib. \u0130taliyada x\u0259st\u0259liyin yarpaq v\u0259 budaqlar\u0131 siray\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 4 illik f\u0131nd\u0131q a\u011faclar\u0131n\u0131n 80%-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259ri \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcb m\u0259hv olub. \u00c7ilid\u0259 is\u0259 f\u0131nd\u0131q bitkisind\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259lik s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n siray\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259nin 60-90% aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilib.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0259tic\u0259 olaraq, F\u0131nd\u0131qda bakterioz x\u0259st\u0259liyinin yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k iqtisadi z\u0259r\u0259r m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir. Bu, f\u0131nd\u0131q istehsal\u0131nda ciddi z\u0259r\u0259rli orqanizm hesab olunur v\u0259 a\u015fkar edildiyi sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 onunla m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. X\u0259st\u0259liyi vaxt\u0131nda a\u015fkarlamaq v\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259rli orqanizmin riskini minimuma endirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259kin materiallar\u0131 m\u00fcayin\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 c\u0259lb olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ciddi siray\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259 hallar\u0131nda, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 yeni sal\u0131nan ba\u011flarda v\u0259 tinglikl\u0259rd\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259lik bitkil\u0259rin 10-100%-d\u0259k m\u0259hvin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bilir. Bu bax\u0131mdan ba\u011f sal\u0131nark\u0259n torpaq strukturlu v\u0259 qida madd\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 z\u0259ngin olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Qrunt sular\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259th\u0259 yax\u0131n yerl\u0259rind\u0259 ba\u011f sal\u0131nmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u0131nd\u0131qda bakterioz x\u0259st\u0259liyi a\u015fkar edil\u0259n t\u0259s\u0259rrafat sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 <\/em>karantin t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l olunmal\u0131, x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259 siray\u0259tl\u0259nmi\u015f tumurcuqlar v\u0259 budaqlar yoluxmu\u015f hiss\u0259d\u0259n 60-100 sm a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan k\u0259sil\u0259r\u0259k ba\u011fdan \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmal\u0131 v\u0259 ya yand\u0131r\u0131laraq m\u0259hv edilm\u0259li, x\u0259st\u0259lik yay\u0131lan ba\u011flarda budama patogenin aktiv olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0131\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 apar\u0131lmal\u0131 v\u0259 budanm\u0131\u015f hiss\u0259l\u0259r ba\u011fdan \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmal\u0131, g\u00fcbr\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 v\u0259 bec\u0259rm\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259ri vaxt\u0131nda v\u0259 d\u00fczg\u00fcn h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259lidir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin x\u0259st\u0259liy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 kimy\u0259vi m\u00fcbariz\u0259 f\u0131nd\u0131q a\u011faclar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259ssas oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6vrd\u0259, m\u0259hsul y\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra, yarpaqlar\u0131n t\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fc vaxt v\u0259 erk\u0259n yazda 0.3% yap\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u0259lav\u0259 olunmaqla 1%-li Bordo m\u0259hlulundan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 apar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Birinci \u00e7il\u0259m\u0259 avqustun sonu sentyabr\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259, ikinci \u00e7il\u0259m\u0259 yarpaqlar\u0131n 75%-nin t\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fc d\u00f6vrd\u0259, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7il\u0259m\u0259 is\u0259 erk\u0259n yazda, tumurcuqlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 v\u0259 k\u00fcl\u0259ksiz havada h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259lidir. El\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 f\u0131nd\u0131q ba\u011flar\u0131nda budama zaman\u0131 bir koldan dig\u0259rin\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259rk\u0259n al\u0259tl\u0259r 10%-li natrium-hipoxlorid m\u0259hluluna sal\u0131naraq dezinfeksiya edilm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geni\u015f \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 qon\u015fu d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259d ke\u00e7id m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 h\u0259ms\u0259rh\u0259d \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 fitosanitar n\u0259zar\u0259ti t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin\u0259 ciddi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l edilm\u0259li, \u0259kin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan tingl\u0259r v\u0259 calaq materiallar\u0131 z\u0259r\u0259rli orqanizml\u0259rd\u0259n azad olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259qal\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Qida T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi \u0130nstitutunun \u201cElmi Ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar M\u0259rk\u0259zi\u201d departamentinin Elmi-t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 riskl\u0259rin qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259ri T\u0259rlan Qor\u00e7iyeva v\u0259 N\u0259zrin Sairb\u0259yli t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n haz\u0131rlan\u0131b.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

F\u0131nd\u0131q bitkisinin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li x\u0259st\u0259liyi Respublikam\u0131zda f\u0131nd\u0131q bitkisi \u0259kin sah\u0259sin\u0259, m\u0259hsul istehsal\u0131na v\u0259 ixrac\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 q\u0259rz\u0259kli meyv\u0259 bitkil\u0259ri s\u0131ras\u0131nda birinci yeri tutur. B\u00fct\u00fcn meyv\u0259 bitkil\u0259ri kimi f\u0131nd\u0131q bitkisinin d\u0259 bir \u00e7ox x\u0259st\u0259lik v\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259rvericil\u0259ri m\u00f6vcuddur. Bunlardan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50,12],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9570"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9570"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9570\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9572,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9570\/revisions\/9572"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}