{"id":9831,"date":"2023-04-06T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-06T03:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/?p=9831"},"modified":"2023-04-06T08:25:31","modified_gmt":"2023-04-06T05:25:31","slug":"dunya-tarixind%c9%99-boyuk-iz-buraxmis-mu%c9%99lliml%c9%99r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/?p=9831","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnya tarixind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck iz buraxm\u0131\u015f m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

D\u00fcnya tarixind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck iz buraxm\u0131\u015f m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fc\u0259llimlik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n h\u0259r yerind\u0259 \u00e7ox m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s v\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tin bir pe\u015f\u0259 kimi t\u0259svir edilmi\u015fdir. Kim\u0259s\u0259\u00a0 n\u0259 is\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259k, ki\u00e7ik bir u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131na t\u0259sir etm\u0259k, b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 onu d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259k d\u00fcnyalara d\u0259y\u0259r. Ancaq \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, h\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259llim \u00f6z i\u015fini layiqli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yerin\u0259 yetir\u0259 bilmir. Bu pe\u015f\u0259d\u0259 idealist olmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Mustafa Kamal Atat\u00fcrk<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Ba\u015f m\u00fc\u0259llim Mustafa Kamal Atat\u00fcrk\u00a0 mill\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn atd\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259r ad\u0131mda v\u0259 inqilablarda t\u0259hsili h\u0259r zaman \u00e7ox vacib amil olaraq\u00a0 g\u00f6rd\u00fc. H\u0259yat\u0131 boyu h\u0259r f\u00fcrs\u0259td\u0259 t\u0259hsilin v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini vur\u011fulad\u0131. Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn bir \u00e7ox f\u0259rqli sah\u0259d\u0259 etdiyi yenilikl\u0259rd\u0259n biri m\u0259ktub islahat\u0131 idi.\u00a01 noyabr 1928-ci ild\u0259 yeni t\u00fcrk h\u0259rfl\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda qanun q\u0259bul edildi. Atat\u00fcrk v\u0259 onu t\u0259qib ed\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r bu yeni \u0259lifban\u0131 xalqa tan\u0131tmaq v\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. 24 Noyabr 1928-ci ild\u0259\u00a0 Mill\u0259t M\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Mill\u0259t M\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rinin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 Ulu \u00d6nd\u0259r Atat\u00fcrk\u0259 Ba\u015f M\u00fc\u0259llim ad\u0131 verildi.
Bu s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259\u00a0 24 Noyabr \u00abM\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r G\u00fcn\u00fc\u00bb m\u00fc\u0259llimlik ed\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259t v\u0259 sevginin\u00a0 g\u00f6st\u0259rildiyi vacib bir g\u00fcnd\u00fcr olaraq qeyd edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Aristotel<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Aristotel h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 t\u0259hsilin z\u0259ruriliyind\u0259n v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131, o \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 pedaqoq\u00a0 idi. Ail\u0259l\u0259rin d\u0259 t\u0259hsild\u0259 pay\u0131 oldu\u011funu, ancaq m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin t\u0259hsild\u0259\u00a0 \u0259n vacib rola v\u0259 t\u0259sir\u0259 sahib oldu\u011funu m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edirdi. \u00abYax\u015f\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r bizim biz olma\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, bizi d\u00fcz\u0259ltm\u0259kd\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131rlar v\u0259 he\u00e7 kimin ed\u0259 bilm\u0259diyi bir \u015feyi edirl\u0259r: d\u00fcnya\u00a0 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259k v\u0259 bizi oldu\u011fumuzdan daha yax\u015f\u0131 yerl\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259k.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n

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Friedrich Fr\u00f6bel<\/strong>
<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

M\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259hsil\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t ver\u0259n bir Alman pedaqoq idi. U\u015faq ba\u011f\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n qurucusu\u00a0 v\u0259 eyni zamanda 19-cu \u0259srin \u0259n g\u00fccl\u00fc t\u0259hsil islahat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan biridir. \u0130nsan beyninin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n vacib d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fu\u015fdan 3 ya\u015fa q\u0259d\u0259r oldu\u011funu a\u015fkar ed\u0259n Froebel; bir u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n t\u0259bi\u0259tini, instinktl\u0259rini v\u0259 impulslar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u011f\u0131n vacibliyini vur\u011fulad\u0131, bu t\u0259hsilin sonrak\u0131 ya\u015fdan daha erk\u0259n ba\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131n vacibliyini ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00fccl\u00fc bir z\u0259min yaratd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Jan Amos Comenius<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u00abM\u00fcasir t\u0259hsilin atas\u0131\u00bb kimi m\u0259\u015fhurdur. D\u0259rslikl\u0259rd\u0259 \u015f\u0259kill\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259nin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tinin f\u0259rqin\u0259 var\u0131b\u00a0 t\u0259tbiq ed\u0259n, eyni zamanda bunu \u00fcmumb\u0259\u015f\u0259ri t\u0259hsil konsepsiyas\u0131 kimi \u0259ks etdir\u0259n ilk pedaqoqdur. \u0130nan\u0131rd\u0131 ki, t\u0259hsil yeniyetm\u0259liyinilk g\u00fcnl\u0259rind\u0259n ba\u015flamal\u0131 v\u0259 h\u0259yat boyu davam etm\u0259lidir.
Comenius, varl\u0131 v\u0259 ya kas\u0131b, istedadl\u0131 v\u0259 ya \u0259qli q\u00fcsurlu h\u0259r bir u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n tam t\u0259hsil almaq h\u00fcququna sahib oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rd\u0131. Onun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259hsilin\u00a0 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin t\u0259r\u0259qqisin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck mane\u0259 idi. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 bir s\u0131ra \u0259la d\u0259rslikl\u0259r yazmaqla bu m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri aradan qald\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259y g\u00f6st\u0259rdi.
Jan Amos Comenius’un do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc olan 28 Mart,\u00a0 Slovakiyada \u00abM\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r G\u00fcn\u00fc\u00bb olaraq qeyd olunur.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Anne Sullivan<\/strong>
<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Anne Sullivan Amerikal\u0131 v\u0259 qism\u0259n g\u00f6rm\u0259 \u0259ng\u0259lli bir m\u00fc\u0259llim idi. G\u00f6rm\u0259 v\u0259 e\u015fitm\u0259 \u0259ng\u0259li olan \u00abHelen Keller\u00bb adl\u0131 balaca bir q\u0131zla tan\u0131\u015f oldu. Sullivan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn qism\u0259n g\u00f6rm\u0259 \u0259ng\u0259li\u00a0 onu ki\u00e7ik q\u0131z\u0131n qapal\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7ma\u011fa h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259ndirdi. M\u00f6c\u00fcz\u0259vi yeniliyi v\u0259 u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n potensial\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 Helenin ovucuna\u00a0 yazma\u011fa \u0259saslanan\u00a0 i\u015far\u0259 dilind\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k Heleni \u00f6yr\u0259tdi.
1957-ci ild\u0259 Sullivan Kellerin \u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n birini axan suyun alt\u0131na qoydu; Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, onu s-u kimi yazd\u0131, bu s\u00f6z Helenin beynin\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirildi v\u0259 onlar bu \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 davam etdil\u0259r. Helen ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259k v\u0259 t\u0259hsill\u0259\u00a0 \u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t bakalavr d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sin\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259n\u0259n ilk g\u00f6rm\u0259 v\u0259 e\u015fitm\u0259 \u0259ng\u0259li olan bir insan oldu. \u018flilliyi olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, etdikl\u0259ri i\u015fl\u0259r insanlar\u0131 ruhland\u0131rd\u0131. Be\u015f dild\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fan, velosiped s\u00fcr\u0259n, s\u0259yah\u0259t ed\u0259n, \u00fczg\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fckl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan v\u0259 \u015fahmat oynayan Helen Keller h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131,\u00a0 m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 kitablar\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259lilliyi olan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259y\u0259 h\u0259sr edib. Bir \u00e7ox t\u0259\u015fkilatda, x\u00fcsus\u0259n Amerika G\u00f6rm\u0259 \u018flill\u0259r Fondunda i\u015ftirak etdi. Helen Keller \u00abH\u0259r \u015fey Su il\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131\u00bb adl\u0131 bir kitab da yazd\u0131.
M\u00fc\u0259llim kimi diqq\u0259t\u0259layiq\u00a0 i\u015fi say\u0259sind\u0259 Anne Sullivan, \u0259lilliyi olan u\u015faqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259hsilin d\u0259y\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya m\u0259lumat ver\u0259n bir simvol oldu. Beren Saat\u0131n\u00a0 Helen Kelleri canland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 2013-c\u00fc il \u00abM\u0259nim d\u00fcnyam\u00bb dram\u0131 bu hekay\u0259d\u0259n g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Maria Montessori<\/strong>
<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Montessori metodunun banisi Maria Montessori, ilk qad\u0131n h\u0259kim ad\u0131 alaraq tibb m\u0259kt\u0259bini bitirdi. Montessori h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 metodunu inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259y\u0259 h\u0259sr etdi. H\u0259m m\u00fc\u0259llim, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llim t\u0259lim\u00e7isi idi. Onun n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda u\u015faqlara\u00a0 \u0259sas\u0259n \u00f6zl\u0259rini \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259k fikri var idi, \u0259zb\u0259r\u00e7iliy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131\u00a0 idi. M\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin \u0259sas m\u0259suliyy\u0259tinin u\u015faqlar\u0131n t\u0259bii olaraq, s\u0259hvl\u0259r\u0259 yol verm\u0259kl\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 imkan verm\u0259k oldu\u011funu m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edirdi v\u0259 bu s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259 u\u015faqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn uy\u011fun m\u00fchitin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n vacibliyind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259hsil\u0259 h\u0259sr ed\u0259n Montessorinin metodu h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan<\/strong>
<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan b\u00f6y\u00fck bir Hind alimi,m\u00fc\u0259llimi v\u0259 eyni zamanda Hindistan\u0131n birinci vitse-prezidenti v\u0259 ikinci prezidenti idi. Ruhani t\u0259rbiy\u0259y\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t verirdi. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc ki, m\u0259n\u0259vi hissl\u0259rini inki\u015faf etdir\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259n t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259hsili real deyil.
T\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00e7ox mehriban oldu\u011fu il\u0259 tan\u0131n\u0131r. Do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn Hindistanda \u00abM\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r G\u00fcn\u00fc\u00bb kimi qeyd olunmas\u0131 da ona olan\u00a0 h\u00f6rm\u0259tin g\u00f6st\u0259ricisidir.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Savitribai Phule<\/strong>
<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Savitribai Phule, Hindistandak\u0131 ilk qad\u0131n m\u0259kt\u0259binin ilk qad\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llimi idi. B\u00fct\u00fcn mane\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259hqirl\u0259r\u0259 baxmayaraq t\u0259hsil v\u0259 qad\u0131nlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir \u00e7ox ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar etdi. Sonda onun t\u0259hsil\u0259 verdiyi t\u00f6hf\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259qdir edildi. Bu g\u00fcn Hindistanda bir \u00e7ox qad\u0131n, Savitribai Phule’nin qad\u0131nlar\u0131n t\u0259hsil almas\u0131 yolunda m\u00f6vcud olan manel\u0259ri aradan qalmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 etdiyi u\u011fura g\u00f6r\u0259 ona minn\u0259tdard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Jaime Escalante<\/strong>
<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

1988-ci ild\u0259 Amerikada “\u018fn yax\u015f\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llim” adl\u0131 bir kitab n\u0259\u015fr olundu v\u0259 \u00abDayan v\u0259 t\u0259slim ol\u00bb adl\u0131 bir film \u00e7\u0259kildi. H\u0259m kitab, h\u0259m d\u0259 film t\u0259hsil\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259r ver\u0259n bir m\u00fc\u0259llim haqq\u0131nda idi: Jaime Escalante.
1974-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Los-Ancelesd\u0259ki Garfield Liseyind\u0259 riyaziyyat f\u0259nnini t\u0259dris etm\u0259y\u0259 raz\u0131 oldu. Ancaq \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7\u0259tin bir m\u00fchitd\u0259 tapd\u0131, liseyd\u0259 zorak\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 narkotik istifad\u0259si \u00e7ox y\u00fcks\u0259k idi. \u015eagirdl\u0259r \u00abproblemli\u00bb olaraq xarakteriz\u0259 edilirdi, bir \u00e7oxlar\u0131\u00a0 liseyd\u0259ki \u015fagirdl\u0259rin\u00a0 he\u00e7 n\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259rini v\u0259 t\u0259hsill\u0259rini tamamlamalar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r.Amma Escalante \u015fagirdl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t qurmaq\u00a0 v\u0259 potensiallar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apard\u0131. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u015fagird il\u0259 inki\u015faf etmi\u015f bir riyaziyyat proqram\u0131 ba\u015flatd\u0131. N\u00f6vb\u0259ti il, AP Hesablama testini alan Escalantein 33 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259sind\u0259n 30-u imtahandan ke\u00e7di, Jaime bu s\u0259y v\u0259 u\u011fur \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir \u00e7ox m\u00fckafat qazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259nb\u0259:\u00a0melumatlar.az<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnya tarixind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck iz buraxm\u0131\u015f m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r M\u00fc\u0259llimlik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n h\u0259r yerind\u0259 \u00e7ox m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s v\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tin bir pe\u015f\u0259 kimi t\u0259svir edilmi\u015fdir. Kim\u0259s\u0259\u00a0 n\u0259 is\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259k, ki\u00e7ik bir u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131na t\u0259sir etm\u0259k, b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 onu d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259k d\u00fcnyalara d\u0259y\u0259r….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9832,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9831"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9831"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9831\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9848,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9831\/revisions\/9848"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9832"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockvell.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}